Parenting style and young children's executive function mediate the relationship between parenting stress and parenting quality in two-child families.

This study explored the relationship between parenting stress, parenting style, parenting quality, and young children's executive function. In total, 243 firstborns aged 2-9 years old (SD = 3.82) and their parents from two-child families in Beijing participated in the study, which used executive function tasks and parenting questionnaires. The results found that (1) parenting stress negatively predicted parenting quality; (2) parenting style partially mediated the relationship between parenting stress and parenting quality; (3) children's executive function partially mediated the relationship between parenting stress and parenting quality; and (4) the spoiled, democratic, permissive, and authoritarian parenting styles each play a chain mediating role with young children's executive function between parenting stress and parenting quality. Taken together, these findings provide implications for scientific parenting of children with different psychological characteristics (such as executive function) in multiple-child families under Parenting stress.

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) chemokine CXCL11.

Chemokines are small, secreted proteins with chemoattractive properties, which play an important role in the recruitment and activation of immune cells. CXCL11 is a CXC chemokine specific for the CXCR3 receptors, which has been shown to mediate the generation of Th1-type immune responses and have bactericidal effects similar to defensins. Herein, we cloned the full-length cDNA of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) CXCL11, designated as PsCXCL11, which consist of an open reading frame (ORF) of 282 bp encoding 93 amino acids, with estimated molecular weight of 10.055 kDa and isoelectric point of 10.37. The deduced PsCXCL11 sequence had a signal peptide, a highly conserved family-specific small cytokine (SCY) domain, one putative N-glycosylation site and ten potential phosphorylation sites. Phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship between P. sinensis and Chelydra Serpentina CXCL11. P. sinensis CXCL11 basal expression levels were higher in heart, kidney and spleen than in other organs of health turtles. Infections of Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus aureus led to significant upregulation of P. sinensis CXCL11 in the blood, while significant upregulation of PsCXCL11 were observed in liver and spleen after infection of A. hydrophila, but not S. aureus. PsCXCL11 recombinant protein with His-tag was successfully expressed by an auto-inducible expression system, and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. These findings laid a solid foundation for further research towards development of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle as a model for the role of CXCL11 in regulating inflammatory responses to stimulation by invading pathogens.

Perceived Stress and Mental Health Literacy Among Chinese Preschool Teachers: A Moderated Mediation Model of Anxiety and Career Resilience.

Purpose: Chinese public mental health is currently characterized by a high prevalence of mental ill health and a low consultation rate, due primarily to the nation's low mental health literacy. Previous studies have shown that occupational stress may be a risk factor for mental health literacy. In China, preschool teachers are under high pressure; however, few studies have examined the mechanisms that mediate and moderate the relationship between preschool teachers' feelings of stress and their mental health literacy. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 2352 preschool teachers to explore the relationship between their stress perceptions and mental health literacy. Results: Preschool teachers' perceived stress was significantly and negatively associated with their mental health literacy, with anxiety playing a partially mediating role. Preschool teachers' career resilience moderated the relationship between perceived stress and anxiety. Perceived stress positively predicted anxiety for teachers with low levels of career resilience; for teachers with high levels of career resilience, perceived stress still positively predicted anxiety, and the higher the level of career resilience, the weaker the positive prediction of stress perception on anxiety. Conclusion: Perceived stress directly predicted mental health literacy among preschool teachers, and also indirectly predicted mental health literacy through the mediating role of anxiety. Career resilience moderated the relationship between stress perception and anxiety. These findings provide new perspectives on the treatment and prevention of preschool teachers' mental ill health.

The relationship between parental role expectations and sibling jealousy: the mediating effect of first-born children's role cognition.

This study aimed to explore the relationship among parental role expectations, the firstborns' sibling jealousy and their role cognition. A sample of 190 two-family firstborns aged 3-7 years old and their parents from China participated in the study by using experimental methods, questionnaires, and interviews. The results showed: (1) Parental role expectations had a significant positive effect on firstborns' role cognition. (2) The dispositional sibling jealousy of the first-born children was positively correlated with their parents' role expectations. (3) Firstborns' role cognition mediated the relation between parental role expectations and episodic sibling jealousy completely. The first-born children were more inclined to perceive themselves as resource contender and experience the episodic sibling jealousy the greater the parental role expectations.

Anti-Leukemia Activity of Polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme via the PI3K/AKT/BAD Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro.

Studies have shown that Sargassum fusiforme and its extracts are effective herbal treatments for leukemia. We previously found that a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme, SFP 2205, stimulated apoptosis in human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells. However, the structural characterization and antitumoral mechanisms of SFP 2205 remain uncertain. Here, we studied the structural characteristics and anticancer mechanisms of SFP 2205 in HEL cells and a xenograft mouse model. The results demonstrated that SFP 2205, with a molecular weight of 41.85 kDa, consists of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose, glucose, and fucose with monosaccharides composition of 14.2%, 9.4%, 11.8%, 13.7%, 11.0%, and 38.3%, respectively. On animal assays, SFP 2205 significantly inhibited growth of HEL tumor xenografts with no discernible toxicity to normal tissues. Western blotting showed that SFP 2205 therapy improved Bad, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 protein expression, and ultimately induced HEL tumor apoptosis, indicating mitochondrial pathway involvement. Furthermore, SFP 2205 blocked the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and 740 Y-P, an activator of the PI3K/AKT pathway, rescued the effects of SFP 2205 on HEL cell proliferation and apoptosis. Overall, SFP 2205 may be a potential functional food additive or adjuvant for preventing or treating leukemia.

Induction of Hibernation and Changes in Physiological and Metabolic Indices in Pelodiscus sinensis.

Pelodiscus sinensis (P. sinensis) is a commonly cultivated turtle species with a habit of hibernation. To study the changes in histone expression and methylation of P. sinensis during hibernation induction, a model was established by artificial induction. Physiological and metabolic indices were measured, and the expression and localization of histone (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) and methylation-related genes (ASH2L, KMT2A, KMT2E, KDM1A, KDM1B, and KDM5A) were measured by quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis. The results indicated that the metabolism, antioxidation index, and relative expression of histone methyltransferase were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), whereas the activity and expression of histone demethyltransferase were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Although our results showed significant changes in physiological and gene expression after hibernation induction, we could not confirm that P. sinensis entered deep hibernation. Therefore, for the state after cooling-induced hibernation, cold torpor might be a more accurate description. The results indicate that the P. sinensis can enter cold torpor through artificial induction, and the expression of histones may promote gene transcription. Unlike histones expressed under normal conditions, histone methylation may activate gene transcription during hibernation induction. Western blot analysis revealed that the ASH2L and KDM5A proteins were differentially expressed in the testis at different months (p < 0.05), which may perform a role in regulating gene transcription. The immunohistochemical localization of ASH2L and KDM5A in spermatogonia and spermatozoa suggests that ASH2L and KDM5A may perform a role in mitosis and meiosis. In conclusion, this study is the first to report changes in histone-related genes in reptiles, which provides insight for further studies on the physiological metabolism and histone methylation regulation of P. sinensis during the hibernation induction and hibernation period.

SOX8 is essential for male sexual differentiation in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis‡.

SOX8, which belongs to SOXE transcription factor subfamily together with SOX9, participates in sex differentiation and testicular development by enhancing the function of SOX9 in mammals. However, the functional role of SOX8 in sex differentiation has not yet been identified in any non-mammalian vertebrates. Here, we found in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis that SOX8 exhibited male-specific higher expression from stage 14 to 18, the critical period of sex determination, prior to the onset of gonadal differentiation. In addition, SOX8 was rapidly down-regulated during male-to-female sex reversal induced by estradiol. Moreover, knockdown of SOX8 led to complete feminization of ZZ P. sinensis, determined by gonadal morphology and distribution of germ cells, as well as the down-regulation of testicular marker DMRT1 and the up-regulation of ovarian regulator FOXL2. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that SOX8 is a key regulator of early male differentiation in P. sinensis, highlighting the significance of the SOX family in reptile sex determination.

Seasonal spermatogenesis, epididymal storage, and creatine kinase expression in Pelodiscus sinensis.

The soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, is an important economic aquaculture species. Its reproduction exhibits seasonality; however, there is a lack of systematic studies focused on sperm maturation and epididymal storage. The testes and epididymides of P. sinensis were sampled from March to December. The seasonal reproduction and maturation of the spermatozoa were examined by anatomy, hematoxylin and eosin staining, AB-PAS staining, and immunohistochemistry. Spermatogenesis exhibited obvious seasonality in P. sinensis. It was found that the spermatogenic epithelium was most active during June to September, whereas the diameter of the epididymal tubules was smallest during June to October. As key enzymes of ATP metabolism, creatine kinases were highly expressed in the epididymal tubule epithelium during the breeding season, which may be important for the regulation of sperm maturation. In addition, the epididymal tubule epithelium changed with the season in June to September, the epididymal tubule epithelium proliferated to form villous structures, and secreted a large number of glycoproteins, which may be related to the rapid maturation of sperm during the breeding season. In conclusion, this study provided insights into the spermatogenesis of P. sinensis through histological analysis and enriched our understanding of reproduction in reptiles.

Study on the pattern of spermatogenesis during the breeding season of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis (Reptilia: Trionychidae).

The Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis (Reptilia: Trionychidae) is a typical seasonal breeding species and its spermatogenesis pattern is complex. In this study, the process of sperm cell development was studied using histology. The process of sperm cell development may be divided into six stages based on a combination of different cell types in the seminiferous epithelium. A close examination revealed two patterns of sperm cell development in the seminiferous tubules during the breeding season. The first is a normal sperm cell development pattern, in which the process of sperm cell development and maturation are completed in the seminiferous epithelium without round spermatozoa in the lumen. The second is rapid sperm cell development, in which the first batches of round spermatozoa fall off the seminiferous epithelium before they mature, thus beginning a second batch of sperm cell development. The round sperm cells are shed into the lumen and further mature in the seminiferous tubules and epididymis. This rapid sperm cell development process of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle is rare in other vertebrate species and may be an adaptation to cope with seasonal breeding. The results of this study provide insight into the theory of seasonal reproduction in reptiles.

Analysis of the influencing factors and intervention methods of sibling jealousy in children / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#With the successive liberalization of the two child and three child policies in China, the issue of sibling relationships has been paid more and more attention by society. Severe sibling jealousy has a negative impact on the physical and mental health development of both young children and their siblings. The study reviewed the influencing factors of sibling jealousy, and analyzed the effect of applying six related intervention methods to the sibling jealousy intervention.The review aims to provide theoretical and empirical basis for children s sibling jealousy intervention, to reduce the level of sibling jealousy through the intervention, and to promote the physical and mental health of young children and their brothers and sisters.

Body mass index and outcomes of patients with cardiogenic shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cardiogenic shock continues to be a highly morbid complication that affects around 7%-10% of patients with acute myocardial infarction or heart failure. Similarly, obesity has become a worldwide epidemic. AIM: To analyze the impact of higher body mass index (BMI) on outcomes of patients with cardiogenic shock. METHODS: A systematic and comprehensive search was undertaken on the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar for all types of studies comparing mortality outcomes of patients with cardiogenic shock based on BMI. All studies defined overweight or obese patients based on the World Health Organization BMI criteria. The data were then extracted and assessed on the basis of the Reference Citation Analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/). RESULTS: Five studies were included. On pooled analysis of multivariable-adjusted ratios, we noted a statistically significantly reduced risk of mortality in overweight/obese vs normal patients (three studies; odds ratio [OR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-0.98, I 2 = 85%). On meta-analysis, we noted that crude mortality rates did not significantly differ between overweight/obese and normal patients after cardiogenic shock (OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.79-1.15, I 2 = 99%). The results were not stable on sensitivity analysis and were associated with substantial heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: Current evidence on the association between overweight/obesity and mortality after cardiogenic shock is scarce and conflicting. The obesity paradox might exist in patients with cardiogenic shock but could be confounded by the use of mechanical circulatory support. There is a need for further studies to clarify this relationship.

Parental psychological control and adolescent social problems: The mediating effect of emotion regulation.

This study aimed to investigate relationships among parental psychological control, adolescent emotion regulation, and social problems in China. In total, 1,145 adolescents aged 12-15 years participated in the study, which used the Parental Psychological Control Scale, Adolescent Problem Behavior Scale, and Emotion Regulation Scale. The results indicated the following: (1) Compared with only-child teens, adolescents in multi-child families had significant social problems; (2) parental psychological control significantly predicted adolescents' social problems; (3) there was a partially mediating effect of adolescents' emotion regulation between parental psychological control and adolescents' social problems.

The forkhead factor Foxl2 participates in the ovarian differentiation of Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis.

The forkhead transcription factor Foxl2 plays a major role in ovarian development and function in mice and fish, and acts as a female sex-determining gene in goat. Its functional role in the sex determination and gonadal differentiation has not yet been investigated in reptiles. Here, we characterized Foxl2 gene in Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis, exhibiting ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes. Foxl2 exhibited a female-specific embryonic expression pattern throughout the critical sex determination periods in P. sinensis. The expression of Foxl2 was induced at early stage in ZZ embryonic gonads that were feminized by estrogen treatment. Most importantly, Foxl2 knockdown in ZW embryos by RNA interference resulted in female-to-male sex reversal, characterized by obvious masculinization of gonads, significant up-regulation of testicular markers Dmrt1 and Sox9, and remarkable down-regulation of ovarian regulator Cyp19a1. Conversely, gain-of-function study showed that overexpression of Foxl2 in ZZ embryos led to largely feminized genetic males, production of Cyp19a1, and a decline in Dmrt1 and Sox9. These findings demonstrate that Foxl2 is both necessary and sufficient to initiate ovarian differentiation in P. sinensis, thereby acting as a key upstream regulator of the female pathway in a reptilian species.

Cohort Study on the Effect of Psychological Education for Nurses in Psychiatric Department.

With the deepening of the medical and health system, high-quality nursing service with the reform of nursing service model and the provision of holistic nursing care for patients as the core connotation is being comprehensively carried out. With the continuous improvement of medical quality, people's awareness of health has gradually increased. They have put forward higher requirements for medical quality, nursing service quality, and medical care safety. Under the influence of these conditions, the workload and work pressure of clinical nurses continue to increase, and mental health problems become increasingly prominent. According to relevant data, the detection rate of occupational stress among nurses was 100%, and the proportion of nurses who perceived considerable stress was 60.9%, which seriously affected their work efficiency and quality of life. However, the physical and mental health of the frontline nurses working in psychiatric hospitals is not optimistic. This study explored the effects of psychological education among nurses in the department of psychiatry. The results showed that psychological education intervention among nurses in the department of psychiatry could alleviate their professional tiredness, effectively improve their psychological elasticity and happiness index, and thus improve sleep quality and promote their physical and mental health development.

The mediating effect of parenting style on the relationship between first-born children's temperament and psychological adaptation.

Chinese first-born children need to learn how to get along with their siblings after the implementation of the universal two-child policy in 2016. We investigated the relationships between temperament, parenting style, and psychological adjustment among firstborns. The current study employed a questionnaire survey conducted in four regions in China. A total of 524 Chinese two-child families participated in the study; the firstborns were between 3 and 8 years old and their younger siblings were between 1 month and 5 years old. The results indicated that (1) children's temperament subscales were significantly related to parenting style subscales and psychological adaptation. Moreover, the parenting style subscales were significantly related to psychological adaptation, and (2) authoritarian parenting partially mediated the relationship between approach or withdrawal and psychological adjustment.

Foxl2 is required for the initiation of the female pathway in a temperature-dependent sex determination system in Trachemys scripta.

KDM6B-mediated epigenetic modification of the testicular regulator Dmrt1 has previously been identified as the primary switch of the male pathway in a temperature-dependent sex-determination (TSD) system; however, the molecular network of the female pathway has not yet been established. Here, we have functionally characterized for the first time an upstream regulator of the female pathway, the forkhead transcription factor FOXL2, in Trachemys scripta, a turtle species with a TSD system. FOXL2 exhibited temperature-dependent female-specific expression patterns before the onset of gonadal differentiation and was preferentially localized in ovarian somatic cells. Foxl2 responded rapidly to temperature shifts and estrogen. Importantly, forced expression of Foxl2 at the male-producing temperature led to male-to-female sex reversal, as evidenced by the formation of an ovary-like structure, and upregulation of the ovarian regulators Cyp19a1 and R-spondin1. Additionally, knockdown of Foxl2 caused masculinization at the female-producing temperature, which was confirmed by loss of the female phenotype, development of seminiferous tubules, and elevated expression of Dmrt1 and Sox9. Collectively, we demonstrate that Foxl2 expression is necessary and sufficient to drive ovarian determination in T. scripta, suggesting a crucial role of Foxl2 in female sex determination in the TSD system.

ESR1 mediates estrogen-induced feminization of genetic male Chinese soft-shelled turtle†.

Exogenous estrogen have shown their feminization abilities during the specific sex differentiation period in several reptiles. However, the specific regulatory mechanism and downstream regulatory genes of estrogen remain elusive. In the present study, 17ß-estradiol (E2), as well as drugs of specific antagonists and/or agonists of estrogen receptors, were employed to figure out the molecular pathway involved in the E2-induced feminization in Chinese soft-shelled turtles, an important aquaculture species in China. E2 treatment led to typical female characteristics in the gonads of ZZ individuals, including thickened outer cortex containing a number of germ cells and degenerated medullary cords, as well as the disappearance of male marker SOX9, and the ectopic expression of ovarian regulator FOXL2 at the embryonic developmental stage 27 and 1 month after hatching. The specific ESR1 antagonist or a combination of three estrogen receptor antagonists could block the sex reversal of ZZ individuals induced by estrogen. In addition, specific activation of ESR1 by agonist also led to the feminization of ZZ gonads, which was similar to the effect of estrogen treatment. Furthermore, transcriptome data showed that the expression level of FOXL2 was significantly upregulated, whereas mRNA levels of DMRT1, SOX9, and AMH were downregulated after estrogen treatment. Taken together, our results indicated that E2 induced the feminization of ZZ Chinese soft-shelled turtles via ESR1, and decrease of male genes DMRT1, SOX9, and AMH and increase of ovarian development regulator FOXL2 might be responsible for the initiation of E2-induced feminization.

A study of Pb2+ induced unfolding and aggregation of arginine kinase from Euphausia superba: kinetics and computational simulation integrating study.

Arginine kinase is a crucial phosphagen kinase in invertebrates, which is associated to the environmental stress response, plays a key role in cellular energy metabolism. In this study, we investigated the Pb2+-induced inhibition and aggregation of Euphausia superba arginine kinase (ESAK) and found that significantly inactivated ESAK in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 0.058 ± 0.002 mM). Spectrofluorimetry results showed that Pb2+ induced tertiary structural changes via the internal polarity increased and the non-polarity decreased in ESAK and directly induced ESAK aggregation. The ESAK aggregation process induced by Pb2+ occurred with multi-phase kinetics. The addition of osmolytes did not show protective effect on Pb2+-induced inactivation of ESAK. The computational molecular dynamics (MD) simulation showed that three Pb2+ interrupt the entrance of the active site of ESAK and it could be the reason on the loss of activity of ESAK. Several important residues of ESAK were detected that were importantly contributed the conformation and catalytic function of ESAK. Our study showed that Pb2+-induced misfolding of ESAK and the complete loss of activity irreversibly, which cannot be recovered by osmolytes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Seasonal expression of cytoplasmic creatine kinase in the epididymal epithelium of Pelodiscus sinensis.

During hibernation of Pelodiscus sinensis, sperm mature and are stored in the epididymis. We investigated seasonal changes in the morphology of epithelial cells of the epididymis of P. sinensis and changes in expression of cytoplasmic creatine kinase (CK). We found that the epididymal epithelium proliferates rapidly to form multiple layers from June to September, while the epididymal epithelial cells are arranged in a single layer from October to May. From the March before the mating period to the end of the mating period in September, a large amount of neutral glycoprotein is secreted in the epididymal epithelium and in the sperm aggregation area; after October, the glycoprotein in the epididymis decreases. At sperm maturation, cytoplasmic CK is expressed abundantly in the villous epithelium, which is formed by proliferation of epididymal epithelial cells. During hibernation and reproduction, the epididymal epithelium of P. sinensis exhibits different proliferation and secretion patterns as the animal adapts to two types of sperm storage. Cytoplasmic CK may participate in regulating the energy metabolism of the epididymal epithelium; it is an important enzyme for regulating sperm maturation.

Detection of Melanogenesis and Anti-Apoptosis-Associated Melanoma Factors: Array CGH and PPI Mapping Integrating Study.

BACKGROUND: We investigated melanogenesis- and anti-apoptosis-related melanoma factors in melanoma cells (TXM1, TXM18, A375P, and A375SM). OBJECTIVE: To find melanoma associated hub factor, high-throughput screening-based techniques integrating with bioinformatics were investigated. METHODS: Array CGH analysis was conducted with a commercial system. Total genomic DNAs prepared individually from each cell line with control DNA were properly labeled with Cy3-dCTP and Cy5-dCTP and hybridizations and subsequently performed data treatment by the log2 green (G; test) to red (R; reference) fluorescence ratios (G/R). Gain or loss of copy number was judged by spots with log2-transformed ratios. PPI mapping analysis of detected candidate genes based on the array CGH results was conducted using the human interactome in the STRING database. Energy minimization and a short Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation using the implicit solvation model in CHARMM were performed to analyze the interacting residues between YWHAZ and YWHAB. RESULTS: Three genes (BMP-4, BFGF, LEF-1) known to be involved in melanogenesis were found to lose chromosomal copy numbers, and Chr. 6q23.3 was lost in all tested cell lines. Ten hub genes (CTNNB1, PEX13, PEX14, PEX5, IFNG, EXOSC3, EXOSC1, EXOSC8, UBC, and PEX10) were predicted to be functional interaction factors in the network of the 6q23.3 locus. The apoptosis-associated genes E2F1, p50, BCL2L1, and BIRC7 gained, and FGF2 lost chromosomal copy numbers in the tested melanoma cell lines. YWHAB, which gained chromosomal copy numbers, was predicted to be the most important hub protein in melanoma cells. Molecular dynamics simulations for binding YWHAB and YWHAZ were conducted, and the complex was predicted to be energetically and structurally stable through its 3 hydrogen-bond patterns. The number of interacting residues is 27. CONCLUSION: Our study compares genome-wide screening interactomics predictions for melanoma factors and offers new information for understanding melanogenesis- and anti-apoptosis-associated mechanisms in melanoma. Especially, YWHAB was newly detected as a core factor in melanoma cells.